Understanding the history of modern project management is crucial for anyone in the field. According to Y. H. Kwak, who detailed this in 2003, the evolution of project management can be divided into four distinct periods: before 1958, 1958-1979, 1980-1994, and from 1995 to the present.
First Period: Before 1958
The first period marked the beginning of modern project management, where practices shifted from craft-based approaches to more organized management systems. Gantt charts emerged during this time, helping to plan large-scale projects like the Hoover Dam and the Manhattan Project. These early developments laid the groundwork for the project management practices we use today.
Second Period: 1958 – 1979
This period saw significant technological advancements and the application of management science in projects. Tools like PERT (Program Evaluation Review Technique) and CPM (Critical Path Method) became essential. The Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) was also introduced during this time, establishing a structured approach to managing complex projects. Additionally, the institutionalization of project management began with the creation of associations like IPMA and PMI.
Third Period: 1980 – 1994
The third period was defined by the rise of personal computers, which revolutionized how projects were managed. Project management software became more accessible, allowing for better planning and resource management. Key developments during this time include the introduction of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) and the development of agile methods like Scrum, which promoted flexible and collaborative project management.
Fourth Period: 1995 – Present
In the fourth period, technology continued to drive changes in project management. PRINCE2 became a widely adopted standard, and the Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) method was introduced, focusing on the resources needed to complete projects efficiently. The Agile Manifesto was also written during this time, influencing how software projects are managed today. Standards like PMBOK gained global recognition, cementing their place in the industry.
This period highlights the ongoing evolution of project management, where new methodologies and tools continue to shape the future of the profession.
Article by Morenike Adeniran